Reported Questions

• Wh-questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wh-question (mantem-se)
• Auxiliar verb in beginning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X – if (desaparece o verbo e fica o “if”)
• Verbo + Sujeito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sujeito + Verbo (troca)
• Auxiliar verb (interrogative form) did/do. . . . . . X (desaparece)
• (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(.)


Examples:

“Where are you from?”, he asked.
- He asked where I was from.

“Do you like extravagant clothes?”, he asked.
- He asked if I liked extravagant clothes.

Reported Speech

- To report what someone said.

Examples:

“I love your new jacket.”, Mariana said.
- Mariana said she loved her/his new jacket.

“I’ll buy a new cap”, Vasco told Luis.
- Vasco told Luis he would buy a new cap.

“I’m doing my work now”, Sofia explained.
- Sofia explained she was doing her work then.

“I’ll perform in London next week”, she told the journalist.
- She told the journalist she would perform in London the following week.

(you have a perfect explanation to resported speech on http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lu-TZa-ZpGs)

Vocabulary: Clothes

- Clothes – roupas:

• Dress – vestido;
• Jacket – casaco de homem;
• Pullover – pullover;
• Skirt – saia;
• Trousers – calças;
• Tuxedo – smoking;
• Jeans – calças de ganga;
• Blouse – blusa;
• T-shirt – T-shirt;
• Shirt – camisa de homem;
• Cardigan – casaco de malha;
• Cargo pants – calças largas com bolsos nas pernas;
• Suit – fato de homem;
• Waistcoat – colete;
• Sweater – camisola de lã;
• Jumper – camisola (tricotada);
• Parka – parka;
• Anorak – anoraque / quispo;
• Raincoat / Mackintosh – impermiável;
• Overcoat – sobretudo;
• Coat – casaco.

- Underware – roupa interior:

• Pyjamas – pijama;
• Night-gown – camisa de noite;
• Bra – soutien;
• Panties / Knickers – calcinhas de senhora;
• Briefs / Underpants – cuecas de homem;
• Tights – collants;
• Vest – camisola interior;
• Socks – meias;
• Boxer shorts – boxers.

- Footwear – calçado:

• Shoes – sapatos;
• Boots – botas;
• Sandals – sandálias;
• Trainers / Running shoes – sapatilhas / ténis;
• Flip-flops – chinelas;
• Wellingtons – galochas;
• Slippers – chinelos de casa.

- Accessories – acessórios:

• Tie – gravata;
• Hat – chapéu;
• Bracelet – pulseira;
• Earring – brinco;
• Ring – anel;
• Cap – gorro / boné;
• Umbrella – chapéu-de-chuva / guarda-chuva;
• Scarf – lenço / écharpe / cachecol;
• Gloves – luvas;
• Belt – cinto;
• Necklace – colar;
• Handbag – carteira / mala.

Connectors / Linking words

Time: before (antes); after (depois); when (quando); while (enquanto).
Reason: because (porque); as (como tal).
Result: so (então).
Contrast: but (mas); however (no entanto); although (apesar de / embora).
Time sequence: first (1º) / firstly (primeiramente); second (2º) / secondly (segundamente); then (depois); finally (finalmente).
Addiction: and (e); in addiction (em adição); also (também); moreover (além disso).
Condition: if (se).


Examples:

• Before my first skydiving jump, I was a little afraid.
• They were scared, but I wasn’t hurt.
• Although I have played many sports in the past, now I realize that I like surfing the best.

Conditional Types I and II

- Conditional Type I
Condition; things that probably will happen.

IF + Present Simple + Future “will” / “won’t” + Infinitive

Ex.:
• If it rains, I won’t play football.
• You’ll have good results, if you’re smart.

- Conditional Type II
Things that probably won’t happen.

IF + Past Simple + Conditional “would”/“could” + Infinitive

Ex.:
• If I won EuroMilhões, I’d give some money to poor people.
• I would phone, if I had a chance.

Teenagers

Teens – between 13 and 19


- Feelings of teenagers:

• Start dating - começar a namorar;
• Changes of humor - mudar de humor;
• Worried about the look - preocupar com o visual;
• Everybody is friendly - toda a gente é amiga;
• Think that are older than they really are - pensar que somos mais velhos do que aquilo que realmente somos;
• Think they can do everthing - pensar que conseguimos fazer tudo;
• Start thinking about what the others think about them - começar a preocupar-se com o que os outros pensam;
• “Closet age” - idade do armário, ou seja, a idade em que estamos fechados no nosso próprio “mundo”.


- Activities of teenagers:

• Get out at night with friends - sair à noite com os amigos;
• Going to the cinema - ir ao cinema;
• Start drinking and smoking - começar a beber (álcool) e a fumar;
• Start driving - começar a conduzir;
• Start sex life - iniciar a vida sexual;
• Addicted to mobile phones - aderir aos telemóveis.


- Body of teenagers:

• Get taller: crescer / ficar mais alto;
• Zits: borbulhas;
• Voice changes: mudança da voz;
• Breasts get bigger: os seis crescem;
• Menstruation: menstruação;
• Moustache: bigode;
• Beard: barba.

Word formation

- In Portuguese:

• Infeliz
• Felizmente
• Infelizmente

- Now, in English:

- Usa-se o –ing para actividades, o –tion, o –un, entre outros.

Ex.:
- Useful
- Useless
- Unhappy
- Haply (happy + ly)